Incredible facts
Everyone should know the basic rules of survival.
Even if you don't hike or climb, there are many situations in which knowing the information below could save your life.
Our whole life is full of dangers: earthquakes, plane crashes, car accidents, tsunamis, hurricanes and other disasters happen all the time.
Here's how you can increase your chances of survival if a disaster occurs.
Rules of Survival: Watch the Time
In order not to lose vigilance and maintain a more or less normal mental state, be sure to track the number of days that have passed. If you don't do this, your brain will start playing tricks on you.
16. Don't give up
It is worth remembering that the road will be mastered by those who walk. Therefore, if you fold your hands, you will get the corresponding result. By giving up, you will deprive yourself of the chance to survive.
Survival of those fleeing at sea
Having abandoned a sinking ship, a person finds himself deprived of protection from the effects of a number of unfavorable factors, which puts him in conditions that require him to take active, expedient actions aimed at preserving life, health and performance. Having abandoned a sinking ship, a person finds himself deprived of protection from the effects of a number of unfavorable factors factors that put him in conditions that require him to take active, expedient actions aimed at preserving life, health and performance.
The survival of those fleeing at sea depends on the ability to withstand the effects on the human body of such specific unfavorable factors as the danger of drowning, cold, heat, lack of drinking water, hunger, motion sickness, and mental shock.
Of exceptional importance is the moral climate in the crew of the rescue craft, the will to live, the desire to overcome the dangers and hardships that arise at all costs.
The role of the commander of the rescue vehicle is especially important, who must maintain hope for salvation in people. A clear command or advice, given in a confident and firm voice, relieves confusion and is an incentive to overcome a depressed mood.
A good counterbalance to despondency or excessive fussiness, unnecessary talkativeness is a sense of humor, however, so that the jokes are not offensive. Patience is required when dealing with people.
Drowning is acute oxygen deprivation due to the filling of the airways with fluid. 3-7 minutes after the cessation of breathing and cessation of blood circulation, irreversible changes occur in the brain, after which a full restoration of the vital functions of the body is impossible. First aid consists of removing fluid from the respiratory tract, performing artificial respiration and cardiac massage. It is effective only at the stage of clinical death, the duration of which in some cases can be more than 7 minutes. If respiratory arrest is caused by spasm of the laryngeal muscles and water has not penetrated into the lungs, then the chances of success in providing first aid are greater than in the case where water has filled the alveoli of the lungs.
Drowning is a threat to people who find themselves in the water without personal flotation devices or who use them incorrectly. Therefore, it is very important to ensure that, when leaving the ship, all rescuers are provided with life jackets or immersion suits, and check that they are put on correctly.
The peculiarities of the influence of cold on the human body in conditions of survival at sea are associated with the fact that the thermal conductivity of sea water is 25-26 times higher than the thermal conductivity of air. As a result, a person immersed in water experiences significantly greater heat loss than when in air. An imbalance between the release of heat due to metabolism and its release due to contact with the environment causes hypothermia - a progressive decrease in human body temperature below the permissible limit. Hypothermia of the body as the danger increases manifests itself as follows: severe pallor of the skin, severe chills, general weakness, general rigor, convulsive contraction of the masticatory muscles or the muscles of the legs and arms.
Death due to hypothermia occurs when the internal body temperature drops below 24-26 degrees Celsius, which occurs after 0.25-1.5 hours in water at a temperature of 10 degrees or 8-10 hours at a temperature of 19-21 degrees. The degree of body cooling and the corresponding duration of stay in cold water have large individual differences, depending on the person’s fatness, his clothing, and physical activity.
Only at a water temperature of 33-34 degrees is the human body immersed in water in a state of thermal balance with the environment and this does not lead to a decrease in its temperature. Therefore, the danger of hypothermia exists in almost any area of the World Ocean and in any season.
Heat transfer slows down if a person in water is wearing several layers of clothing, especially woolen clothing with an insulating outer covering. Even completely wet clothing reduces the intensity of heat exchange and to some extent protects against cooling in water; the temperature under clothing is always 4-5 degrees higher than the temperature of the surrounding water.
To reduce heat loss, you should protect the places of the most intense heat transfer: the back of the head, neck, armpits, groin, hands. The head should be held as high as possible, since it accounts for at least half of all body heat loss. While in water, to reduce energy expenditure, you need to remain completely still, this can more than double your survival time. Swimming is justified only if there is a real possibility of reaching a life-saving device or connecting with other people in the water.
Three rules for surviving a fire - your children should know this!
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When faced with an emergency situation, people panic, losing precious minutes that can save lives. But it is important to overcome fear, take a breath and exhale and look for a way out of the situation at any cost.
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Many people were once annoyed by life safety lessons, where they taught not only how to put on gas masks, but also how to behave correctly in dangerous situations. Understanding the importance of such lessons comes only with time, and in modern schools, unfortunately, such classes are no longer taken seriously.
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After the fire in Kemerovo, the Stop Threat child safety consultation center published a post that is important for all parents to read. These tips could save your children's lives!
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The head of the counseling center, Liya Sharova, told us what every child must be taught.
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1. Described scarf
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This is how we usually tell the children the first rule for leaving a burning or smoky room, to the laughter of children. Because it’s true: we rarely carry water with us, and children almost never. And they die from the smoke.
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Therefore, we take any clothes: scarf, T-shirt, shirt, blouse, skirt hem. We're peeing. And we breathe through the described fabric. Urine filters both smoke and toxic substances much better than water.
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The children laugh, but everyone agrees that in a dangerous situation there is no shame in doing this. But this “don’t be ashamed” mood can only be created in dialogue, and better yet, between children. In every class or group there will always be those who will convincingly say: “What's funny? If it saves a life."
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2. Teach children to the game “Find a way out”
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And myself too. We never think about how to leave the premises in case of fire. Never. And this can be quickly and funly made into a habit. And as you teach your child, you yourself will begin to pay attention to this.
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Therefore, within 2-3 weeks, coming into any room, we cheerfully and instantly look at where we would run in the event of a fire. You can check with the staff.
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3 Getting out of the panicking crowd
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There are three rules:
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“We go only in the direction of travel, without stopping, even if our relatives are left behind.” You will meet after you go outside.
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— We carefully go around corners, pillars, and any oncoming obstacles. To do this, we look from afar to see what’s ahead. We walk with our arms crossed over our chests, our elbows slightly forward and our hands holding our shoulders. This way, if you get squeezed, you can breathe freely.
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- If you fall: no “grouping up”! You have three seconds to get up at any cost. To do this, we grab the nearest legs, jeans, coat with a death grip and, like monkeys, climb up the person. We remember that the tree man will not be happy with us. And maybe even hit you on the head. But you will have time to get up. Practice at home.
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And may you never need this information!
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Source
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The “three D” rule for road safety
You can carefully study the traffic rules, learn all the points from beginning to end, so that in all cases you can be confident in the correctness of your actions. However, you can go out on the road with confidence only after familiarizing yourself with the rule, which is not in any book.
And this rule is called the “three D rule,” which stands for “Give Way to the Fool.” If you follow this rule every day, you can protect yourself and your car from unpleasant situations.
Some drivers have recklessness in their blood - they always overtake with confidence, knowing that it will not be their last. And everything would be fine if there weren’t another category of reckless drivers on the road - beginners, for whom this driving style gradually becomes a habit. Not every driver has the talent for recklessness, and in most cases, this ends sadly.
Frequent mistakes on the road . Such drivers endanger the lives of thousands of people on the roads every day by driving recklessly. Usually, in such situations, the one who suffers the least is the one who follows the rules and drives slowly. You should follow a special algorithm of action to protect yourself in the following cases:
- Overtaking. The most common situation is a reckless driver driving in the oncoming lane and trying to overtake a whole line of cars. In such a situation, it is necessary to reduce the speed and press as close to the right as possible to the side of the road to allow him to wedge into his lane.
- Overtaking through a double line. Every day there are unique people on the roads who are in a hurry to overtake everyone and go about their business. Road markings in the form of two lanes are drawn for a reason. It marks the boundaries of two multi-lane roads. In cases where a car crosses two continuous lines and overtakes, it automatically endangers oncoming cars, which, in a dense stream, simply have nowhere to go.
- Left turn. The most common cases that lead to road accidents occur at intersections. For some reason, some people, letting the front cars pass from their lane, forget about the people in the oncoming lane and boldly turn left. If the oncoming driver does not have time to apply sharp braking, a collision is inevitable in 90% of cases.
- If we talk about pedestrians, some drivers sometimes do not notice them at all. Their attention is so focused on other drivers and signs that they do not see other traffic objects. Therefore, pedestrians, before stepping on a zebra crossing, should make sure that it is being allowed through.
- A separate error applies to intersections with tram tracks. Many drivers forget from what position they need to make a turn. Some even drive into the path of oncoming traffic, believing that this will make the maneuver easier and faster.
Bottom line . Attention on the road is a very important detail. To protect yourself, you must definitely use the “three D” rule. It’s better to be late and give way to similar drivers 10 times on the way than to get hurt.
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How to survive on the high seas: an action plan
There are different options for how you ended up on the high seas. It could be a plane crash, a ship sinking, or simply a strong current that carries you far out to sea. You will remember such isolation from the earth and people for a very long time. There are a few survival lessons to follow that will help you stay alive and make it to dry land for help.
So, imagine you are completely alone on the open sea or ocean. The only thing that overcomes you now is a strong fear for your life. At this moment you need to calm down and try to carry out the necessary action plan for survival:
- Try to stay afloat.
- Proceed to search for drinking water.
- Try to find a source of food.
- Move in one direction only.
- Ensure your complete safety.
The first thing you need to do is stay afloat as long as possible.
You will need to find an object that will prevent you from drowning and that you can reach. It will call large if there is a lifeboat or something similar to a raft near you. But if suddenly luck passed you by, then you need to act according to the following scheme:
If the open sea or ocean is completely calm, then you should swim on your back.
Step 1: Lie on your back.
Step 2. The body should float on its own.
Step 3. Swim in this style until you feel land, a group of lifeguards, or reefs visible from the water.
If the sea is not calm and there are waves, then you need to swim on your stomach.
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Step 1. Lie on your stomach and let your body flow.
Step 2: Swim for as long as you can.
Step 3: Raise your head, take a breath of fresh air and exhale under the water.
The next stages of your rescue are possible with a boat or life raft.
Stay afloat in the sea
The second stage is the search for drinking water.
Without water, the body cannot survive for long. How long can a person live without water and food? The maximum is 3-4 days. Sources of drinking water can be:
- Recycled body fluid. There are many different stories about people having to drink their own urine in order to survive. But this process is very unfavorable, since it contains a lot of salt, which will aggravate the current situation. You'll just want to drink more.
- Rainwater. You will be very lucky if it suddenly rains. In this case, you need to collect rainwater to survive.
- Liquid from fish. Fish can be considered not only food, but also drink, since it contains liquid in its spine. It is enough to cut the fish and suck out the liquid from there.
- Salty water. You have more than enough water since you are at sea. But drinking such liquid can lead to kidney failure.
Search for drinking water
The third stage of survival is searching for food.
The sea is considered your only source of food, as slaves swim in it and plankton live. In this case, it is necessary to construct a fishing rod from available materials. A rope will make an excellent fishing line, and a can can be used to make a hook. Well, if such devices are not at hand, catch the algae floating by and carefully inspect, because there may be different types of fish, shrimp or crabs.
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Searching for food in the sea
The fourth stage is movement and rest.
In the open sea there is a fairly small number of objects that are located in one place. This makes it difficult to concentrate and understand whether you are moving in the right direction or just drifting. In this case, just surrender completely to the current, perhaps it will bring you to the shore. As soon as you notice the ground, immediately row towards it as hard as you can.
Travel by sea
Maritime Petersburg - website for merchant marine sailors
Survival and safety at sea in questions and answers. Tutorial
The question and answer form provides guidance on familiarization, initial training and instruction in personal survival, safety and public responsibilities for all seafarers in accordance with the rules and recommendations of the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978, as amended 1995 and 1995 STCW Code
For all seafarers undergoing training, instruction and testing to obtain appropriate certificates, and can also serve as a ship's booklet regarding functions relating to emergency situations, occupational safety, first aid and survival.
Reviewed and recommended by the scientific and methodological commission in the field of higher education with a professional orientation “Navigation and ship power engineering” as a teaching aid for the training of naval personnel specialists.
Section 1. Personal survival techniques 1.1. Types of emergency situations - collision, fire, grounding 1.2. Types of life-saving appliances commonly used on board a ship. Equipment of life-saving equipment 1.3. Location of personal life-saving equipment 1.4. Basic principles of salvation 1.5. Demonstration of competence 1.6. Working with life-saving equipment 1.7. Lifeboat technical equipment and rules of conduct 1.8. Illustrations for section 1
Section 2. Fire fighting 2.1. The occurrence of a fire on a ship and its detection 2.2. Ship systems and fire extinguishing equipment 2.3. Organizational issues of fire extinguishing on a ship 2.4. Fire extinguishing in ship premises 2.5. Investigation of a fire on a ship Section 3. First aid 3.1. General principles of first aid 3.2. Basic first aid procedures 3.3. The structure of the human body and its functional systems 3.4. Technique of bringing to life 3.5. Stopping bleeding: methods, approaches, places of dressing, application of a tourniquet 3.6. Application of necessary measures and means in case of burns, electric shock 3.7. First aid measures for hypothermia, frostbite, poisoning, drowning Section 4. Personal safety and public responsibility 4.1. Performing work at height overboard 4.2. Carrying out work in enclosed spaces and containers 4.3. Carrying out work in stormy conditions 4.4. Preventing environmental pollution
Appendix 1. Information on using the portable radio station "Yal"
Appendix 2. Some elements and characteristics for fire fighting Appendix 3 . Marine pollutants Appendix 4. Recommended and mandatory instructions from RD 31.60.25 85
Tags: Survival and safety at sea
Survival in the forest
— Ways to survive alone in the forest.
School of survival
Tags: “autonomous survival”, “rules of survival”
Katerina
comments:
Very useful tips. I think it will be useful for those who often spend time hiking!
03/14/2015
Tatyana
comments:
I was 15 years old when I got lost in the forest. I was lucky that my dad was a forester and it was summer. I lived alone in the forest for a week, my dad taught me everything. The article is very informative and everything described here has been useful to me at some point. My advice is to read topics about survival, it will be useful in any situation. Thanks to the authors for the article!
03/15/2015
Sabina
comments:
Well, it depends on what conditions you will have to survive in. It's probably better to read books about this. I think that this still requires willpower, so as not to suddenly lose heart and die. Well, you never know what’s there, what if the animals attack, how can you survive then? And it wouldn’t be a bad idea to also have an article about survival during hostilities.
03/23/2015
Sergey1064
comments:
My nephew and I were picking mushrooms in the forest. He, as they say, grew up in the forest, and I am purely a city dweller. So, an hour later I showed the direction where we need to move towards the house, completely opposite to the correct one. I appreciated your advice about the companion; I would definitely have gotten lost then.
03/30/2015
Olga
comments:
Anyone can get lost in the forest, but not everyone can get out of there. Previously, this was taught at school. Nowadays, the science of survival has to be learned on your own.
06/22/2015
Natalya
comments:
Oh, it’s better not to get into situations where you have to survive at all. Stay at home and not go anywhere, or it’s better to take a walk in a city park. Our region is surrounded by taiga, it is better not to go there, especially alone. In general, the article is very useful, I’ll take note of it if I go mushroom hunting or hiking. Nature sometimes beckons!
08/04/2015
ilya
comments:
I live in the city, but my grandfather is purely a villager, and one day we went hunting with him into the forest. I didn't know much, so I watched it all. They put up signs and climbed trees. It was VERY interesting
08/17/2015
Leah
comments:
The child was in camp this year. Part of the shift was devoted to the topic of survival in the forest. There was a very good teacher with many years of hiking experience. The child was left with a lot of impressions and real experience. Extremely useful.
09/04/2015
Elena
comments:
Oh, I probably wouldn’t have survived))) panic would have taken over me..
11/27/2015
Max Survivor
comments:
No book can replace your practice. Go on hikes, friends, train and hone your skills, as they say, if you want peace, prepare for war. Peace to everyone))
08.12.2016
