Description: Hare's ear
Biennial herbaceous plant, densely planted with tiny, appressed, star-shaped grayish-green hairs. The stem is 50-160 cm tall, erect, ribbed-striped, leafy, branched. Leaves are ovate or lanceolate. The inflorescence is a strongly pyramidal panicle; flowers 2-7, close together; corolla yellow, less often whitish, 12-20 mm in diameter, with transparent dots, pubescent on the outside; capsule elliptical, obtuse, glabrous, 4-5 mm long, 2.5-4 mm wide. Flowering in July-August.
Application: Hare ear
In practical and folk medicine it is used as an anti-inflammatory for gynecological diseases, as well as in the postpartum period. An infusion of flowers, less often leaves, is used for coughs, bronchitis, pneumonia, whooping cough, hemoptysis, inflammatory diseases of the digestive system, bronchial asthma, hoarseness, shortness of breath, acute respiratory infections.
Flower tincture is used for rubbing as a pain reliever for rheumatism, arthritis and neuralgic pain. The powder of the flowers is sprinkled on cracks on the nipples and wounds, having previously smeared them with carrot juice.
Boiled mullein flowers or leaves are applied to inflamed areas, burns, and wounds as an anti-inflammatory, wound-healing and pain reliever. An infusion of flowers, less often leaves, is used to rinse the mouth and throat during inflammatory processes.
A decoction of the roots is used for baths and washes for hemorrhoids. The infusion and the amount of flavonoids in the experiment have cardiotonic, hypotensive, sedative and anticonvulsant properties. An infusion of flowers is recommended for clinical trials as a cardiotonic. Aqueous, ethereal and chloroform extracts exhibit antibacterial activity. The seeds of the plant were previously included in ointments for the treatment of long-term non-healing wounds.
Loop:
Conductor
Easily knitted both at the end of the rope and in the middle, can be knitted with one end.
Under load it tightens strongly and “creeps”, especially on a rigid rope.
Used to attach a rope loop to something.
When using a knot to organize links, a control knot is required.
To make untying easier after use, it is recommended to insert a hook into the plexus of the knot, snap a carabiner or other object.
Step-by-step instructions for tying a wire:
Eight
Easily knitted both at the end of the rope and in the middle, can be knitted with one end.
Under load it doesn’t tighten too much, it doesn’t “creep”.
Used to form a secure loop.
Step-by-step instructions for tying a figure eight:
Bowline
A simple and reliable knot that does not tighten too much under load.
“Crawls” under variable loads.
Used for attaching rope to rings, eyes, and for tying around a support (tree, pillar, stone).
Step-by-step instructions for tying a bowline:
Method 2:
Binding:
Grapevine
Reliable node.
It gets very tight under load.
Used for tying ropes of the same and different diameters.
Windlass knot
Reliable node.
It does not tighten under load and “crawls” under variable loads.
Used for tying ropes of both the same and different diameters.
Control nodes are required.
Step-by-step instructions for tying a brass knot:
Straight knot
It gets very tight under load.
Unties spontaneously - “crawls”, especially on wet, hard and icy ropes.
Used for tying ropes of the same diameter.
Use without control nodes is unacceptable.
For heavy loads, it is recommended to insert some object into the middle of the knot that prevents strong tightening (a piece of stick, branch, climbing carabiner, rock hook).
Step-by-step instructions for tying a straight knot:
Recipes: Hare's ear
Inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system: 1 tablespoon of dried flowers in 2 cups of boiling water, leave for 2 hours, strain. Application: 1/2 cup warm 3-4 times a day with honey or sugar as tea.
Expectorant and enveloping agent: pour 1 tablespoon of dried flowers with 1 glass of boiling water, leave for 30 minutes, strain. Application: 1-2 tablespoons every 2-3 hours.
Diseases of the upper respiratory tract, shortness of breath, diarrhea, colitis and enterocolitis: 1 tbsp. l. Boil flowers and leaves of mullein in 200 ml of water for 5 minutes, leave for 1 hour, filter. Application: 2 tbsp. l. 3-4 times a day.
Article on the topic: Russian Lastoven - useful properties, description
inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system: 3-4 teaspoons of dried flowers per 2 glasses of hot milk or hot water, boil over low heat, in a sealed container, leave for 30 minutes, strain, add honey or sugar to taste. Application: 1 glass at night, warm.
poultices: boil 3-4 tablespoons of flowers or leaves with boiling water, wrap in gauze and apply to sore spots.
gout, rheumatism, neuralgia: pour 50 g of flowers into 0.5 liters of 40% alcohol, leave for 10-12 days, strain. Application: use for rubbing into sore areas.
Constrictor (tightening)
Constrictor at one end
Another interesting and useful knot, named after the boa constrictor, which tightly clasps and strangles its victim. The use of the node is the same. A constrictor is convenient to use to tighten the ends of a frayed rope or to tighten a leaking hose. It’s convenient for them to tie bags and packages, I tie their sleeves for baking :). There are two ways to knit a constrictor. Using loops and one end, the image above shows the one end method. This method should be used when there is no access to the edge of what the knot is being tied on. In all other cases, it is much faster and easier to knit a constrictor using loops.
Constrictor using loops
It is better to knit a constrictor with a thin rope on a rough surface, but it is worth considering that on flat surfaces the knot has almost no “hold.”
Hare ears (flower): photo, application, treatment, description
• Botanical characteristics, description
Hare's ear, translated as Verbascum lychnitis, the second name of the plant mealy mullein or paniculata, it is a herbaceous biennial, its branched stems are densely planted with tiny hairs, they are star-shaped, colored grayish-green. The height can reach 160 centimeters. The leaves are ovate or lanceolate in shape.
The inflorescence of this representative of the flora is represented by a pyramidal panicle, the flowers are close together; The corolla is yellow, less often it is white, up to two centimeters in diameter, with transparent dots, some pubescence can be seen on the outside. The fruit is shaped like an elliptical capsule.
This plant grows in chernozem territory, it can be seen on rocky terrain, in dry meadows, and it is also localized along roads, sometimes growing along shelterbelts in the chernozem zone of the European part of Russia, on the northern banks of rivers.
This plant is used as a whole; its roots, flowers, leaves and stems are used for medicinal purposes. Various drugs are prepared from its raw materials that help with certain diseases, among the components the following compounds can be noted: carbohydrates, ascorbic acid, myoinositol, iridoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, alcohols, ursolic acid, alpha-spinasterol, and some other components.
• Collection and preparation of plants
In order to prepare hare's ear grass, you need to wait until it blooms. After that, the required amount of raw material is cut off with a sharp sickle or pruning shears and sorted qualitatively, while paying attention to the presence of damaged and rotten specimens, which should be discarded from the main mass.
Next, the raw materials are laid out on a flat container, for example, you can use a tray, it is advisable to line it with paper, after which the hare’s ear grass is laid out in a thin layer. It is worth knowing that it is necessary to turn the harvested plant over every day to prevent it from becoming damp and subsequent rotting.
When the grass takes on a dry appearance, it should be packaged in cloth bags. They are placed in a well-ventilated area and stored for two years, after which the raw materials should not be used.
• Application of mealy mullein
Traditional healers use this plant to prepare some medicinal potions that have an anti-inflammatory effect on the body. The infusion is used in the presence of gynecological diseases, bronchitis and pneumonia, whooping cough, bronchial asthma, hemoptysis, shortness of breath, as well as respiratory infections.
A tincture prepared from the flowers of mealy mullein is used topically as an anesthetic; it is usually rubbed into the area of affected joints for arthritis and rheumatism, as well as for neuralgic pain.
Powder made from flowers is also used; it is usually recommended to sprinkle it on the wound surface, cracks in the nipples, and any wounds. In this case, fresh leaves can also be used; they are applied to burns, to inflamed areas, as they will have a wound-healing and analgesic effect.
Related article: St. John's wort - beneficial properties, description
It is recommended to rinse the mouth and throat with infusion if there are inflammatory diseases in them. A decoction prepared from the roots of hare's ear is used as a wash in the presence of hemorrhoids.
To prepare an infusion of hare's ear grass, you will need this dry raw material in the amount of a tablespoon, and it must first be thoroughly crushed using a ceramic pestle and mortar.
Next, you should pour the raw material into a glass jar, after which 200 milliliters of boiling water is poured into it, stir everything well and cover with a lid. Then leave the infusion for a while. After an hour, you should strain it; gauze can be useful here, which should be folded in two layers.
The grass that has settled on the gauze should be gently squeezed out, after which it can be thrown away. The infusion is used for its intended purpose as needed. Store it in a cool place for no more than three days. After this time, you should get rid of the drug, as it can ferment and, if consumed, harm your health.
To prepare a tincture based on this plant, you will need 20 grams of paniculata mullein raw material. It should first be thoroughly ground in a ceramic mortar until it is thoroughly crushed.
Next, the prepared herbal mass is poured into a prepared dry and dark bottle, after which 200 milliliters of alcohol are poured into it, then everything is shaken well, and the container is stored for a week or ten days in a dark place, for example, you can put this dish in a kitchen cabinet.
After this time, it is recommended to filter the drug, for this you can use gauze, after which the infusion is ready for use, it can be used for rubbing into sore joints. It can be stored for quite a long period of time.
Before directly using drugs prepared from hare’s ear, it is recommended to consult a qualified doctor, and it is better to avoid using infusions and tinctures on your own.
Anchor nodes
Boa knot
It tightens quickly and strongly (under heavy loads - “tightly”), does not “creep”. To make untying easier, knit a loop with a long free end (d).
Double boa knot
It tightens even more.
Fishing bayonet (a), a simple bayonet with a hook (b), a bayonet with a bow (c)
A bayonet with a carryover, unlike a “simple bayonet” knot (which does not have a second turn of the rope around the support), does not slide along the object around which it is tied under pendulum loads.
Loops
Conductor
(I – loop, II – one end) Knitted both at the end of the rope and in the middle. The pose is heavily tightened under load, “creeping”, especially on a rigid rope, a control knot is required. It is not recommended to use under heavy loads - it greatly reduces the strength of the rope.
Eight
(I – a loop, II – one end) Under load it does not tighten too much, does not “creep”, the strength of the rope decreases less than a conductor. Analytics Notes: 1) In this sketch, the bottom right drawing does not match the top left. 2) After tying the figure eight with a loop, the knot pattern turns out to be somewhat incorrect and requires adjustment. It’s difficult to explain which one in words, but if you knit it, you’ll guess for yourself.
Nine
It has the greatest strength (70-74%) compared to all other knots in the “conductor” series - it reduces the strength of the rope even less than the “figure eight”.
Bowline (gazebo knot)
[3] It was known to the Egyptians and Phoenicians 3000 BC. e. [1] It does not tighten much under load, it “creeps” under variable loads, a control unit is required. [2] A bowline, especially a loose one, is sensitive to which end the main load is applied to. If you pull on one end, the knot is tightly (sometimes even too) tightened. If you pull on the other, this load contributes to the self-untying of the knot. By the way, in [2] the description of the bowline is accompanied by a drawing of a Cossack knot.
Double bowline
Allows you to make loops of both the same and different lengths. In order for the knot pattern to be correct, you need to completely pull out loop “A” in the opposite direction from loops “B” (1), then tighten the knot (2). It is used in mountaineering for knitting a gazebo (each loop is for one leg); in maritime practice, the knot is used for belaying a person: they sit in one loop, and the other covers the body under the arms.
Eskimo loop (a-c)
Allows you to quickly adjust the size of the loop in the knot, convenient for knitting guy ropes.
Under load it does not tighten or “creep”. Fishing loop (d)
Does not “creep”; under load it tightens greatly.
Austrian conductor [1], also known as a reverse conductor [2], also known as a driving loop [3], also known in common parlance as a “butterfly” or “bee”
Allows you to make a reliable loop anywhere in the rope, weakening its strength less than the “guide” and “figure eight”. Can be used to knit a rope ladder (see also stirrup).
Bunny Ear Knot
Forms a double loop, which increases its tensile strength. Doesn't crawl. It gets very tight under load.
Cossack knot (a-c). Kalmyk knot (g).
Reliable components, do not “creep”, do not tighten too much under load, and do not require a control unit. To make untying easier, you can use the option with a loop (d). The picture on the right [2] shows an alternative version of tying a Cossack knot, and for some reason the picture accompanies a description of the bowline. For ease of memorization and comparison, the drawings of the primary sources were rotated around different axes.
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Nodes
see also - part two
page with these and other nodes, animated!
A book where you can gain knowledge on tying dozens of knots
From the authors
It is no secret that during the transition to the market, the mountaineering and tourism training system is experiencing a crisis due to the reduction (and in fact the complete absence) of subsidies and the transition to self-sufficiency, which makes it inaccessible for many. However, despite everything, many people plan to go on sports trips, and this requires preparation. This brochure will help you get trained on such an important topic as knots yourself.
In addition, in modern conditions the role of the teacher is changing. From the main source of knowledge, he turns (or at least should turn) first of all into an organizer of activity. This brochure will help you organize independent activities to study knots. The authors tried to write it not just in the form of a textbook, but in the form of a self-instruction manual.
It should be noted that the last published work known to us, devoted directly to knots, was published more than ten years ago and has long become a bibliographic rarity (moreover, it was devoted to sea knots, and not to knots in mountain climbing).
The authors apologize for the price of the brochure; unfortunately, it is now impossible to make it cheaper.
The authors express gratitude for their assistance in writing and publishing this brochure to P. P. Zakharov, T. Odintsova, V. Kozhin, A. Vorozhtsov, S. Lyange and others. We will welcome all feedback, any constructive comments and wishes. Write to us at the address: 107078, Moscow, PO Box 430, tourism, Akhapkin.
Instead of a preface
At first glance, the methodological development offered to the reader on just one, and also a very narrow topic, may seem both incomplete and too brief.
Let's not rush to conclusions.
In our difficult times, when such a proven publishing house as “Physical Culture and Sports” has refused to publish methodological and educational literature on tourism and mountaineering, any publication on these topics should be perceived as a certain success.
Let's agree that you can criticize anything. And at this time (when we will engage in criticism) people go to the mountains. Beginners go to the mountains who need training manuals, new young instructors and trainers appear who need manuals to teach the same beginners. So it turns out that the manual, not free from minor shortcomings, was published on the eve of the next summer season and turned out to be just right. The authors were also quite successful in their drawings - they clearly illustrate the text of the material.
That is why it is worth saying words of gratitude to the beginning authors, who, despite many warnings about the failures awaiting them along this path, nevertheless took it, did it, and most importantly, published it. light, albeit a small but useful aid. And we wish them new success on this now very thorny path.
P. P. Zakharov
Nodes
Knots now used in tourism, mountaineering, speleology, rock climbing and high-altitude work have their origins in sea knots. We refer those who want to get acquainted with maritime knots to specialized literature. *
* 1) Grigoriev V.V., Gryaznov V.N. Ship rigging works, M, Transport 1967
2) Beavis B., German K. Modern cable in maritime practice, L, Shipbuilding 1980
3) Scriabin L. Marine knots, M, Transport 1981
4) Marquardt K. Spar, rigging and sails of ships of the 18th century, translation from German. L, Shipbuilding, 1991
Of all the sea knots, and there are about four thousand of them, those that weaken the rope to a minimal extent, do not crawl, and are not self-untying were selected.
Knots used in mountain climbing are divided into three groups:
1) A group of knots for self-belaying (this includes all the knots of the harness, gripping knots, bowline, guide, etc.)
2) Basic (used for tying ropes).
3) Special (auxiliary).
There are other divisions, for example, they distinguish a group of conductor nodes, etc. In our opinion, the question of terminology in this case is not very important, since many nodes are successfully used in several groups to solve various problems, but the above The qualification is convenient for training.
In practice, knowledge of knots is very important because a knot tied incorrectly or not quickly enough can lead to very tragic consequences.
Due to the fact that it is often necessary to tie a knot very quickly and in uncomfortable conditions (hanging on a railing or belay, in an awkward position, on a small platform on rocks or ice), a person must be able to do this automatically, without thinking, using “motor” memory , therefore, great attention and time should be paid to tying knots.
In order to master the skill of tying knots at the level of a dynamic stereotype, you need to use two parallel paths:
1) Algorithmic (i.e., step-by-step memorization of a sequence of actions).
2) Visual memory (memorizing the pattern of a correctly tied knot with the eyes; if you doubt the correctness of the pattern, it is better to tie the knot).
The first way is achieved mainly through correct, beautiful and slow demonstration by the teacher (in “divisions”). The second way is carried out by paying attention to the picture of the knot, designing a stand with step-by-step knots, drawings, photographs, posters, etc.
It should be noted that the use of knots reduces the strength of the rope on which they are tied. The decrease in the nominal strength of ropes with knots can be explained by the combined force effect that occurs during tensile tension, cutting and bending of individual fibers in the area of the knot, and in the case of a wet and frozen rope - under the influence of ice crystals between them. For more information about this, see the book Marinov B. Security problems in the mountains. Translation from Bulgarian. Moscow, FiS, 1981
Below is a description of the knots with illustrations and a methodological development of a lesson on knots. It is recommended to study the nodes in this sequence, although some of them are almost never used in practice. It is important to implement the principle “from simple to complex, from easy to difficult, from known to unknown.” In practice, the mountain climber mainly uses 6-7 knots, which are most suitable for him and he knows them perfectly.
The method of teaching knots given below has been practiced by Moscow mountain tourists for many years (in particular, the tourist sections of the Moscow State Pedagogical Institute, MATI, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, the tourist training school at the Kalinin, Krasnogvardeisky, Kirov, Gagarinsky RTK.. Based on the personal experience of the authors, their work This work was written in these schools and sections.
Description of nodes
There are several thousand (more than four) sea knots. Naturally, we did not set out to describe them all. Let us dwell only on the list of knots used by mountain climbers in practice.
First, we need to agree on terminology. We will call the stationary end (the one around which they knit) the root end, and the one moving during the knitting process (the one around which they knit) the working end. The ends that can be loaded will be called load ends.
Counter knot (Fig. 1c).
Rice. 1. Counter knot.
Now it is used only on flat tapes for tying them. A regular control knot is tied on one ribbon (Fig. 1a), then with the end of the other ribbon we trace it towards it (Fig. 16), after which we straighten and tighten the knot (Fig. 1c).
The resulting knot is a counter knot; on flat tapes it does not require control knots, because the friction in it is high. On round ropes, the friction in this knot is much less, so it is not recommended to use a counter knot on them.
Straight knot (marine).
Rice. 2 g. Straight knot
It is used for tying ropes of the same diameter, but is now almost never used in practice, because it is not reliable enough. Instead, new, more reliable units are used, described below.
A loop is made at the root end, the working end is threaded into it from bottom to top (Fig. 2a),
Rice. 2 a.
then the working end is wrapped around the loop from behind and below, and it is removed from the loop back (Fig. 2b).
Rice. 2b
Another way of tying a straight knot is also possible (Fig. 2c).
Rice. 2nd century
The knot must be straightened and slightly tightened. Make sure that the short and long ends come out of the knot opposite each other, after which control knots are tied.
Rice. 2 d. Incorrect knot (“woman’s”).
Clew knot.
Used for tying ropes of different diameters. Now in practice it is almost never used due to insufficient reliability and is given for better mastery of the front window knot. First, a loop is made on a rope of larger diameter, into which a rope of smaller diameter is passed (Fig. 3 a),
Rice. 3 a.
then carry the working end around the loop and pass it between the loop and the working end (Fig. 3b).
Rice. 3 b.
After this, the knot is very carefully straightened and tightened, making sure to tie control knots (Fig. 3 c).
Rice. 3rd century Shkotovy.
The front cleat knot is used
For tying ropes of different diameters, it is more reliable than a clew due to greater friction. The beginning of its tying is the same as that of the clew (Fig. 3a, b), but another sweep is made with the working end around the loop, then the working end is passed between the loop and the working end (Fig. 4a), the knot is carefully straightened and tightened, the control knots are tied nodes (Fig. 46).
Rice. 4 a. Rice. 4 b. Bramshkotovy
grapevine knot
Used for tying ropes of the same diameter. Like any knot, the grapevine weakens the rope, but the weakening coefficient is only 0.95 (i.e., only 5%
strength - there are no other nodes with such a weakening coefficient). Tied with ribbons, on the contrary, strengthens them in this place twice as much. However, the knot is quite complex and capricious; there is no concept of a minor defect in it. The closest analogue in application is the counter eight.
The knot consists of two half-knots, tied sequentially with the ends of the right and left ropes (working ends 10-20 cm each). When tying a half knot, only the end of one rope works. The knitting method is similar to the weaving knot.
two ropes are folded together towards each other with tied ends, the right one is higher than the left one (Fig. 5a)
Rice. 5 a.
bend the end of the right rope 90° over the left one towards you (Fig. 56)
Rice. 5 b, c.
- we bring the end down and encircle both ropes, relative to this turn the end moves towards the right rope, again we bend the end towards ourselves (Fig. 5c)
once again we bring the end down, carrying out a second embrace of the ropes, again shifting the end towards the right rope, ending the embrace with the end above both ropes (Fig. 5d).
Rice. 5 years
— parallel to the hollow formed by the left and right ropes, pass the end under both turns towards the left rope and tighten the half-knot (Fig. 5d, e)
Rice. 5 days
We tie the second half-knot in the same way:
- bend the end of the left rope 90° over the right one (Fig. 5e)
Rice. 5 e.
- we bring the end down and wrap around both ropes, still shifting the end towards the finished half-knot (Fig. 5g)
Rice. 5 z, i. Grapevine
- we bring the end down again and encircle both ropes, shifting the end towards the finished half-knot; we finish the envelopment by bringing the end under the right and left ropes (Fig. 5g)
- parallel to the hollow formed by the right and left ropes, we pass the end under both turns of the finished half-knot and tighten it
(Fig. 5h)
— by pulling the ropes we pull the half-knots towards each other. The finished unit is shown in Fig. 5 z, i.
Grapevine does not require control knots; after tying, it must be straightened. Under load, it tightens tightly, after which it is not easy to untie. When untying, you should try to pull the half-knots apart from each other. Loosen one half-knot and untie it, then pull the rope out of the second half-knot and untie it.
Counter eight
used for tying ropes of the same diameter. The first stage of its knitting consists of tying an “empty” figure eight at one end (Fig. 6a), then this figure eight is traced with the working end (Fig. 6b).
Rice. 6 a, b, c.
Counter eight.
Due to the high friction, the unit is very reliable and does not require control units; it can be used on flat belts (it must be carefully straightened). The knitting method is similar to the counter knot.
Conductor node
knitted at the ends of ropes for fastening to the terrain or to the participant’s belay system, at the ends of handrail ropes and the ends of ropes and tapes used for self-belaying. Knitting method: the end of the rope is folded into a loop, and this loop overlaps itself, forming a kind of “loop from a loop” (Fig. 7a),
Rice. 7 a, b.
after this, the working loop is wrapped around the root loop, rotated 180°, taken out into the second loop and tightened (Fig. 76). To secure the rope and in some other cases, the conductor knot is tied at one end. To do this, a control unit is made, then
Rice. 7th century Conductor. Rice. 7th century Conductor (one end).
the working end is wrapped around what the rope is attached to (stone, ledge, tree, etc.) and the working end is used to trace the previously tied control knot, similar to the counter knot (Fig. 7d). The conductor unit necessarily requires a control unit, since the friction in it is not high enough (Fig. 7c) and in practice is often replaced by a figure eight, but it is worth studying for a better understanding of the figure eight and double conductor.
Figure eight knot
it is used in the same way as the conductor unit, but is more reliable and does not require a control unit, since the friction in it is high. The first stage of its knitting is the same as that of the conductor knot (Fig. 7a), but the working loop is wrapped around a full turn, i.e. 360° and removed into the same hole (Fig. 8a).
Rice. 8a.
The resulting knot has a characteristic pattern resembling a figure eight, so it is easy to remember. Just like a conductor, a knot can be tied at one end.
Rice. 8 b. Eight.
Double conductor knot (“rabbit ears”)
used in cases where two loops must come out of the knot: when snapping a cord into a carabiner, for tying a gazebo, and in rescue work for transporting a victim.
The first stage of its tying is similar to the beginning of tying a conductor knot, but a double rope is removed from the loop (similar to hare or donkey ears, (Fig. 9a)), then the loop is placed on these “ears” and held at the base of the knot with the thumb, and the knot tightens (Fig. 96),
Rice. 9 a. Fig.9 b.
after which the knot is carefully straightened and its pattern is carefully checked, because twisting the rope can easily cause errors. The double conductor is very reliable and has high friction in the node, therefore it does not require control nodes (Fig. 9c),
Rice. 9th century Double conductor.
It gets very tight under load.
see also - part two
page with these and other nodes, animated!
A book where you can gain knowledge on tying dozens of knots
budetinteresno.info
Figure eight knot
Knitted with one rope. It is folded in half and a knot is tied at the end, reminiscent of the number eight (Figure 5, a, b). The knot straightens and tightens. The control knot is not knitted (Figure 5, c).
Figure 5 – “Eight”
Austrian conductor knot
The knot is tied on one rope. The rope is taken by the middle, then by turning 360° it is folded into a figure eight (Figure 6, a), the top of which is lowered down and pulled, as shown by the arrow in Figure 6, b, so that a loop comes out. In order to get the correct knot (Figure 6, c), you need to stretch the ends of the rope in different directions. The control knot does not fit.
Figure 6 – “Austrian conductor”
Double conductor knot or hare ears
Knitted on one rope. The rope is folded in half, a “dummy” is knitted on it (Figure 7, a), tightened (Figure 7, b) and tied so that it comes undone if you pull it by the loop. Then the lower loop is carried, as shown by the arrow in Figure 7, so that the two upper loops pass through it, and is pulled together by the upper loops to the knot.
A correctly tied knot is shown in Figure 7, d. It is necessary to ensure that when tying the knot there is no overlap of the ropes. "Double conductor" does not have control nodes.
Figure 7 – “Double conductor”
"Direct" node
Take two ropes of the same diameter, overlap each other and tie two simple knots in different directions (Figure 1, a, b). The correct knot pattern is shown in Figure 1, c. If the knots are tied in one direction, then the result is a “woman’s knot” (Figure 1, d). Next, control knots are tied at the ends (Figure 1, e).
Figure 1 – “Direct” node
"Counter" knot
We take two ropes of the same diameter, at the end of one we knit a simple knot (Figure 2, a), then with the second rope towards the running end of the first rope we completely repeat the knot so that it turns out to be double and the running ends come out in different directions (Figure 2, b). After this, the knot is tightened; control knots are usually not knitted (Figure 2, c).
Figure 2 – “Counter” knot
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Chistets woolly (Stachis Byzantine): description and characteristics of the flower
Woolly Chistets (also known as Stachys Byzantine) is popularly called differently: hare's ears, blackberry, tenacious .
A perennial herbaceous ornamental plant from the Lamiaceae family, with a creeping rhizome, pubescent oblong silvery leaves and a pleasant aroma of small pink flowers.
It reaches a height of 40 cm, the flowering period lasts all summer. The fruit is a nut with three sides.
It grows wild in central Eurasia and Mediterranean countries, the Caucasus, and sometimes in Africa.
The plant is perennial, blooms all summer, height up to 40 cm
How to create favorable conditions for growing from seeds?
To grow stachys, you need to prepare the soil with good drainage ; if the soil is too damp, it will quickly rot and die.
also prefers open areas with a lot of light , so it is widely used in alpine slides for summer residents, in carpet plantings, as well as in borders, it looks very elegant and noble.
Article on the topic: Smooth herniator - useful properties, description
To preserve the decorative appearance of the bush and avoid self-seeding, you need to cut off the flower stalks, preventing the formation of buds .
Also, when the lower leaves disappear, this is a signal that the plant has aged, you need to replant young bushes in order to avoid bald spots.
Woolly chistets, aka stakhis, aka sheep ears:
Grasping:
Prussian Knot
Option 1
Option 2
The unit moves freely, tightens when loaded, and is easily returned to its original state after the load is removed.
It does not hold well on hard ropes, and does not hold on at all on icy ropes.
It does not like jerking, since slippage can cause the coils of the assembly to melt.
Used in mountaineering to organize self-insurance.
The knot is knitted with a rope with a diameter of 5-6 mm on a rope with a diameter of 9-12 mm.
When using a knot on an icy rope, you must complete the second (upper) half of the knot with one turn.
Austrian catching knot
Same as for the Prussian knot.
Used to tighten the rope when organizing a crossing.
Recommendations for planting and caring for the plant
The chist does not have any special care requirements , as it is quite unpretentious; it is only recommended to water it under the roots, and not to spray water on the leaves.
Once a year (preferably in spring) you can fertilize with rotted compost. It tolerates transplants very well, so you can safely transplant it from place to place.
It is better to take alkaline or neutral soil with a pH of 7 for planting , add a little chalk or dolomite flour and well-rotted compost to it.
Chistets are almost never affected by pests , but in damp conditions they can suffer from fungal diseases.
The soil for sowing must be prepared in advance, enriched with superphosphate (50 grams per 1 sq. m) and potassium sulfate (20 grams per 1 sq. m.) a couple of months in advance.
If planting is done from boxes, then try to leave up to 40 cm between plants for growth.
Chistets goes perfectly with lungwort, silver wormwood and heuchera. These plants are companions; they have a beneficial effect on each other.
Water the plant at the root, fertilize it with compost in the spring, take neutral or alkaline soil for planting
